TFY Chapter12. Summary and Mindmap

Chapter 12.Reasoning:

How Do I Reason from Premises?
Using at least two dictionaries, look up the terms deduction, deductive logic, and reasoning. Then write out in your own words a definition of deductive reasoning.
Deduction is taught through the study of formal logic, or the science of good reasoning. We learn deduction through the study of formal logic. It is called formal because its main concern is with creating forms that serve as models to demonstrate both correct and incorrect reasoning.

Thinking for Yourself Chapter 12 Exercises Page 348
Definition:

Deduction : an amount or percentage deducted; something that is inferred deduced or entailed or implied; reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect); subtraction: the act of subtracting (removing a part from the whole); discount: the act of reducing the selling price of merchandise.

Deductive logic : Deductive reasoning is the kind of reasoning in which the conclusion is necessitated by, or reached from, previously known facts (the premises). If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. This is distinguished from abductive and inductive reasoning, where the premises may predict a high probability of the conclusion, but do not ensure that the conclusion is true.

Reasoning : is the mental (cognitive) process of looking for reasons to support beliefs, conclusions, actions or feelings.